The main goal of urological research is the identification of new specific molecular markers within urological malignancies, whose overall expression would discriminate with high sensitivity and specificity between either benign and malignant lesions or indolent and clinically significant cancers.Level of molecular markers expression could characterize malignant lesions and their organ dissemination according to their histological degrees, allowing therefore acting on diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decision.Notably, the therapeutic assessment using targeted agents against those markers would be of great benefit for human neoplasms, in particular when tumor targets are fully correlating to malignancy.