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河南省是全国第一人口大省,拥有丰富的劳动力资源,职工工资在全国属于很低的水平,经过长足的发展,劳动生产率也大幅度提高。使用工业部门的人均产出、人均资本、人力资本和全要素生产率对各省份劳动生产率差异影响的计量分析表明,在全国分工格局中,河南省具有明显的劳动力比较优势。但河南省在以前的经济发展过程中,一直走着一条重工业发展速度高于轻工业且“重重轻轻”的工业化路径,这是严重偏离比较优势战略的高成本工业化路径。因此,河南省应该鼓励发展劳动密集型产业,同时大力发展职业技术教育。
Henan Province is the country’s most populous province with abundant labor resources. Its wages are very low in the country. After a long-term development, labor productivity has also risen sharply. Using the industrial output per capita, per capita capital, human capital and total factor productivity, the econometric analysis of the differences in labor productivity in various provinces shows that Henan Province has a comparative advantage in labor distribution in the national division of labor. However, in the course of its previous economic development, Henan Province has been following a path of industrialization where the development speed of heavy industry is higher than that of light industry. This is a highly cost-oriented industrialization path that deviates greatly from the comparative advantage strategy. Therefore, Henan Province should encourage the development of labor-intensive industries while vigorously developing vocational and technical education.