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This study examined the interaction between child negative emotionality and fathers mental health in predicting preschoolers behavioral problems.Fathers reported their mental health and mothers rated on child negative emotionality at the child age of 14 months.Preschoolers behavioral problems were rated by childs mother and father at 48 months.The results showed that preschoolers with higher negative emotionality exhibited more externalizing and internalizing problems than those with less negative one if their fathers were in high level of somatization, but they showed no difference in behavioral problems if paternal somatization was low.The result supported the diathesis-stress model.Additionally, paternal depression positively predicted preschoolers internalizing problems.