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目的 为进一步认识咽腭肌的解剖学形态及腭裂的咽腭肌瓣手术对该肌的影响而进行此应用解剖学研究。方法 对正常成人新鲜尸体头颈部固定标本 17例 ,正常及唇腭裂新生儿新鲜尸体头颈部固定标本各 4例进行解剖学观察。对 6例胎儿头颈部标本进行组织学连续切片观察。结果 咽腭肌起于咽部 ,止于软腭。肌腹位于咽腭弓 ,成人长 (2 7 5 8± 6 73)mm ,截面积 (34 1±10 5 )mm2 。该肌血供主要来源于咽升动脉和扁桃体动脉 ,其次为腭升动脉和舌背动脉 ,呈多源性和节段性。该肌神经支配来源于咽丛神经分支 ,在硬腭水平下 15mm以内均有神经分支进入该肌。结论 咽腭肌是咽侧壁及软腭的主要肌肉之一 ,是咽腭肌瓣的良好供区。其血供呈现多源性和节段性。咽腭肌瓣咽成形术对该肌血供及神经支配造成一定的影响 ,应在手术中予以注意。
Objective To further understand the anatomy of pharyngeal palate muscles and cleft palate of pharyngeal and parietal muscle flap surgery on the muscle effects of this applied anatomy. Methods Seventeen cases of normal adult fresh corpse head and neck and four cases of fresh corpse head and neck fixed specimens of normal and cleft lip and palate were studied anatomically. Six cases of fetal head and neck specimens for histological sections were observed. Results Pharyngeal palate muscle from the pharynx, stop in the soft palate. Muscles belly pharyngeal palatal arch, adult long (2758 ± 673) mm, cross-sectional area (34 1 ± 105) mm2. The muscle blood supply comes mainly from the pharyngeal ascending artery and tonsil artery, followed by the palatal artery and tongue dorsal artery, was multi-source and segmental. The muscular nerve is derived from the branch of the pharyngeal plexus and has nerve branches within 15 mm of the hard palate into the muscle. Conclusion The pharyngeal palate muscle is one of the main muscles in pharyngeal side wall and soft palate, which is a good donor area for the pharyngeal palate flap. Its blood supply is multi-sourced and segmental. Pharyngeal pharyngeal pharyngeal pharyngeal angioplasty on the muscle blood supply and innervation caused some impact should be noted in the surgery.