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We studied the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a model of paraquat-induced acute lung injury in SD rats.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 has been shown to participate in mobilizing MSCs.We used adenovirus carrying CXCR4 gene to transfect MSCs to increase engraftment numbers of MSCs at injured sites.Histological examination data demonstrated that engraftment of MSCs did not attenuate lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.