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The genetic diversity among 62 cultivars of androdioecious Osmanthus.fragrans and 6 outgroup species was analyzed using 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers.A total of 55 alleles were obtained,with a mean of 3.7 alleles per locus.Due to high male ratio in wild O.fragrans populations and farmers? domestication,the number of males was higher than hermaphrodites.But the genetic diversity of hermaphrodites was higher than males.The genetic relationships among accessions were investigated using cluster analysis,which were consistent with the results of principal coordinate analysis.The outgroup species were separated with O.fragrans.The Asiaticus group had a distant relationship with the other three ones,which confirmed flower period was an important cultivar classification criterion.There were close relationships among cultivars with same gender or similar color and a wide range of gene exchange between males and hermaphrodites.As revealed by AMOVA analysis,91% of the total genetic variance was within four cultivar groups,while 9% was among them.The results showed SSR markers were useful for investigation of genetic diversity and variation.