The honeybee has a strong learning and memory ability, and is recognized as the best model organism for studying the neurobiological basis of learning and memory.In this study, we analyzed the gene expression difference following PER (proboscis extension response)-based olfactory learning in the A.mellifera using a tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) method.We obtained about 5.71 and 5.65 million clean tags from the trained group and untrained group, respectively.A total of 259 differentially expressed genes were detected between these two samples, with 30 genes up-regulated and 229 genes down-regulated in trained group compared to the untrained group.These results suggest that bees tend to actively suppress some genes instead of activating previously silent genes after olfactory learning.Our DGE data provide comprehensive gene expression information for olfactory learning, which will facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanism of honey bee learning and memory.