Objective To explore the genomics changes in the adult primary inguinal hernia.Methods Transversalis fascia of patient with ingunial hernia and matched control patients was collected,extraction and purification of RNA from the tissue samples,utilizing gene chips(AffymetrixGeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0).Hybridization,elution,scanning the qualified samples of RNA,preliminary screening of differentially expressed genes between groups,and hierarchical clustering analysis was carried on.Further,GO-Analysis and Pathway-Analysis were carried on based on database.We built Gene co-expression Networks to identify the interactions among genes,positioning in the network core group of genes,screening of differentially expressed genes.Then we chose several target genes and used real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)to further validated the regulation of these genes.Results From the array analysis,1189 mRNAs were showed differently expressed in hernia patients relative to their matched control,with 877 mRNAs upregulated,while 312 mRNAs downregulated:Of these mRNAs,MYL9 showed the highest degree of upregulation with 10.27 fold change,while the most downregulated mRNA was MYH1 which had 0.0057 fold change.According to expression levels between two group samples,a hierarchical clustering analysis was used to presented their distinct expression patterns.From the Go analysis,results showed the significantly enriched GOs were associated with up-regulated transcripts were intracellular protein transport(GO:0006886),extracellular matrix organization(GO:0030198)and cellular protein metabolic process(GO:0044267).Besides,the significantly enriched GO targeted by the down-regulated transcripts included negative regulation of apoptotic process(GO:0043066).Pathway analysis showed 142 pathways of the significantly up-regulated transcripts and 59 pathways of the significantly down-regulated transcripts were indicated.The most enriched pathway among Focal adhesion,Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum invplved.At last,we combined GO analysis and pathway analysis to find the differentially expressed mRNA in both two analysis,MYL9 at the key point that may had significant effect in the process of ingunial hernia occurring.According to these result,wewechosed target genes MYL9 and MYH1 to to further validated the regulation of these genes with RT-qPCR,consistency between the RT-qPCR result and microarray data.Conclusion The occurrence and development of inguinal hernia is associated with a multitude of genetic expression.Selecting target differently expressed genes based on the gene array analysis,MYL9 and MYH1 may play important role in the occurrence of ingunialhernia,wecan explore to the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia at the genetic level.