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The TBM market has exploded in the last 20 years in terms of number of TBM produced/utilized and TBM size/diameter.However in the same lapse of time not many major improvements have been made as far as the types of TBMs and new technologies.This lack of innovation resulted in several failures in TBM utilization in some critical tunnel projects.Several new railway lines and road ways have to be built in the next few years around the world.Most of these projects will require long, large diameter tunnels to be excavated by TBM method under mix ground conditions and variable cover.Major hydropower plants, especially in India and China, will require also the excavation of long, large diameter tunnels.To efficiently bore these tunnels the industry will be forced to develop new technologies and new TBM types, flexible enough to cope with the different ground conditions and operational modes that the excavation of these tunnels will require.The article presents the design developments already implemented and the design guidelines for the new technologies to be implemented.