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牛郎织女是俗称“四大传说”中最为古老的一个神话传说,历史上经历了神话一传说的发展阶段,在当今时代又成为一个面临着传承萎缩乃至濒危境地的口头作品。它最早现身于《诗经》里属于西周后期的《小雅·大东》诗中,被作者引用来表达被周人征服遭到灭族灭国的殷、奄族群对周人统治、奴役、压榨的幽怨不满与曲折反抗。关于牛郎织女传说的起源,学术界有周秦说和东土说。继而,在“非遗”时代,又形成了起源地的争论热点,使其发生学上的起源研究再次提上了日程。研究牛郎织女最早的文献载体《大东》的地望与族属及其相关文献后,笔者以为,牛郎织女传说最早或为东夷部族的神话而非周秦文化合流后的产物。
The Cowboy and the Weaver are the most ancient myths and legends of the “Four Legends,” and have historically experienced the stage of development of myths and legends. In the present age, the Cowboy and the Weaver have become an oral work confronting the shrinking and even the endangered tradition. It first appeared in The Book of Songs, which belonged to the poem “Xiaoya Dadong” in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. It was quoted by the author as an expression of the ruling, enslaving, Resentment dissatisfaction and torture rebel. About the origins of Cowherd and Weaver’s legends, the academic circles said that Zhou Qin said. Then, in the period of “non-legacy ”, they formed hot spots of controversy in their origins, making the occurrence of academic origins research once again put on the agenda. After I studied the geography of the “Dadong”, the earliest document carrier of the Cowherd and Weaver, and their relatives, I thought that the legend of Cowherd and Weaver was the earliest or the product of the Dongyi clan rather than the confluence of the Zhou and Qin dynasties.