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现代国家是黑格尔和马克思共同用以表征资产阶级革命创造的政治形式的最基本概念,他们共同肯认现代国家是对封建专制国家的超越。对于资产阶级革命产生的市民社会与政治国家相分离的二元架构现象,黑格尔认为政治国家代表着社会普遍利益能够实现对市民社会特殊利益的整合,马克思则认为政治国家的实质仅仅是资产阶级特殊利益以普遍利益的方式在政治上的确认。黑格尔肯定官僚政治,马克思则予以批判。黑格尔推崇君主立宪制,马克思认为它只能是不彻底的资产阶级民主制,并且后者也将被人民自治制度所超越。
The modern state is the most basic concept jointly used by Hegel and Marx to characterize the political forms created by the bourgeois revolution. They collectively recognize that modern countries are transcendental to feudal autocratic countries. Hegel believes that the political state represents the integration of the general interests of the community and the special interests of the civil society, while Marx believes that the essence of the political state is merely the assets The special interests of the class are politically confirmed in the general interest. Hegel affirmed bureaucratic politics and Marx criticized it. Hegel praised the constitutional monarchy. Marx thought it could only be an incomplete bourgeois democracy, and the latter would be surpassed by the people’s autonomy system.