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Objective: To increase the cytological positive rate of body effusion.Methods:A fine tube used as a collector with its inner diameter 1.0mm and length 5.0-10.0mm is joined to the closed end of the plastic centrifugal tube.When it is centrifuged most of the cells in the fluid will accumulate in the collector.156 cases with body effusion were studied by both cellular collection tube and traditional U-type centrifugal tube.Results: Malignant cells were found in67 cases by cellular collection tube, whereas only 13 cases were found positive by U-type tube(U=7168.00 P<0.01).The cellular distribution under microscope of 111 specimen obtained from the collector were more concentrated compared with that of traditional U-type tube,(U=5772.00 P<0.01).Conclusion: Cellular collection tube can significantly improve the positive rate of cytological examination of body effusion.