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朝鲜朝后期即倭乱、胡乱以降,朝鲜实学两大学派的代表人物李瀷(1681~1763)与洪大容(1731~1783)的朱子学研究中存在两种互相纠缠的思想性格,即一方面作为朱子学者在思想上普遍拥有强烈的正统意识,因而其思想本质对于异端思想采取的是非容忍的态度,然而另一方面,他们却又积极地研究来自西方的异端思想,并将其研究成果融入朱子学体系当中。事实上,在作为朱子学相对化的结果而出现的朝鲜实学的形成过程中,西学起到了决定性的作用。李瀷基于亚里士多德以来的三魂论以及脑为知觉中枢的西欧医学理论,改变了退溪“四端七情”等论述,并试图寻求朱子学与西学理论在所有命题中都能无矛盾的统一。洪大容则基于大地为球形的地圆说以及地球不过是无数世界之一的第谷·布拉赫宇宙体系,对于中国中心乃至地球中心的朱子学世界观提出质疑,并以此为根据发展出价值相对主义的思想。朝鲜朝后期实学家的朱子学相对化,正可说明由于西学东渐而发生了18世纪东亚的宏大宇宙观的转换与变化。
In the late period of Joseon Dynasty, the Japanese invasion and disorderly domination, there were two kinds of ideological characters that were intertwined with one another in Zhu Xi’s study of the representative figures of the two schools in North Korea: Li Zong (1681 ~ 1763) and Hong Da-rong (1731 ~ 1783) They generally have a strong orthodox consciousness in their thoughts. Therefore, their essence of thought is intolerant toward the heresy. However, on the other hand, they actively study the heresy thought from the west and integrate their research results into the Zhu Xi system among. In fact, Western learning played a decisive role in the formation of North Korea’s real learning as a result of the relativism of Zhu Xi. Based on Aristotle’s Theory of Three Soulses and Western Western medical theory of brain as the center of consciousness, Li Qiao changed the discussion of “Four Endings and Seven Emotions” and then sought to find out all the propositions of Zhu Xi and Western Learning Unconventional unity. Based on the Earth’s spherical globe and the Tycho Brahe universe, the Earth is but one of innumerable worlds, Hong Da-ling questioned the world view of Zhu Xi in China and even in the center of the Earth and developed value relativism based on it thought of. The relativism of Zhu Xi in the later period of North Korea can explain the transformation and change of the grand cosmology in 18th century in East Asia due to the eastward progress of Western learning.