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Recently blast furnace campaign life had been developed into the hot spot in iron making field for the cause of high utilization ratio and combustion intensity.Working state of hearth has great effect on blast furnace campaign life.Breakage of refractory materials of hearth is the direct reason of blast furnace relining.The unreasonable design and operation are the main reasons of breakage of lining materials.The design of blast furnace hearth contains cooling system,internal structure of hearth,quality of lining materials and construction.The operation parameters of blast furnace contain quality of raw materials,permeability of deadman,volume of coke - free zone,length of tap hole and harmful elements erosion,etc.In this paper,different type of cooling system was simulated by CFD software.It was found that unreasonable connection mode between main pipe and bustle pipe would cause uneven distribution of cooling water flow rate in each cooling stave.Internal structure of hearth and quality of refractory were also calculated to analyze the cause of hearth erosion.Unreasonable internal structure will form huge thermal stress on ceramic cup and carbon block,which would cause the cracks in lining materials.Meanwhile,the length of taphole,shape of coke free zone,permeability of deadman were also simulated to analyze the effect of operation conditions on hearth erosion.The result shows that longer taphole,bigger coke free zone and higher permeability of deadman will decrease circumfluence of molten iron.Harmful element of residual carbon block was also analyzed.Zn is easy to be enriched in cracks of carbon block.Above all,reasonable design of hearth structure and cooling system,stable raw materials and operation parameters are necessary conditions for blast furnace campaign life.