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珞巴族是生活在我国西藏自治区山南、珞瑜地区的一个少数民族,在中国境内只有3000人左右,还有数十万人生活在麦克马洪线以南的印控区。珞巴族大部分居住在雅鲁藏布江大拐弯处以西的高山峡谷地带,以米林、墨脱、隆子等地较为集中。这里山高林密,人烟稀少,交通十分不便。直到20世纪中期,珞巴族社会仍处于原始社会末期阶段(或奴隶社会初级阶段),其主要的生产方式是刀耕火种兼狩猎采摘。珞巴族有自己的语言,属汉藏语系藏缅语族,没有本民族文字,长期保留着刻木结绳记数记事。在以往的少数民族调查和民族文献中,尚未见到有关珞巴族早期象形符号的记述。2013年暑假,我们在西藏珞巴族地区调查了解珞巴族的历史文化,见到了少量珞巴族早期的象形符号。本文初步介绍这种濒临消亡的人类早期符号,并简单讨论其文字发生学上的价值。
The Lhoba ethnic group is a minority living in Shannan and Luo Yu areas in the Tibet Autonomous Region of our country. There are only about 3,000 in China and there are hundreds of thousands of people living in India’s control zone south of the McMahon Line. Most of the Lhoba people live in the alpine gorges to the west of the Great Bend in the Brahmaputra, with a focus on the areas of Milin, Medog, and Longzi. Here high mountains and dense forest, sparsely populated, traffic is very inconvenient. Until the middle of the 20th century, Lhoba society was still in the primitive stage of primitive society (or the initial stage of slave society). Its main mode of production was slash-and-burn hunting and hunting and picking. Lhoba have their own language, is a Tibetan-Burman language family of Chinese-Tibetan, there is no national language, long-term record number engraved wooden knot. In the previous ethnic minority surveys and ethnic literature, no account of the early Lhoba ethnic pictograms was found. In the summer of 2013, we investigated the history and culture of the Lhoba ethnic group in the Lhoba ethnic region of Tibet and saw a small number of early Lhoba prehistoric symbols. This article gives an initial introduction of this dying sign of humanity and briefly discusses its phonetic value.