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外来人口在香港经济发展过程中发挥着重要作用。与本地居民相比,外来移民在香港能否得到公平的就业机会和待遇是值得关注的问题。本文利用香港人口抽样调查数据分析了从2001年至2011年香港非本地出生居民的就业收入状况,并采用明瑟回归方程和Oaxaca-Blinder分解等实证方法考察了香港本地与非本地出生居民的收入差距。有如下发现:第一,从人口构成的变动趋势看,香港非本地出生居民中大部分是内地移民,他们占据的比例超过70%;其次是菲律宾及印度尼西亚人,他们所占比例在18%左右;而其他地方的居民为少数。第二,比较不同出生地居民的收入,欧美等发达国家和地区的移民有较高的收入,内地和印度等发展中国家和地区移民的收入水平为中档水平,与香港本地居民的收入相近,而菲律宾及印度尼西亚人的收入水平则较低,他们基本处于香港社会的底层。第三,比较香港本地与非本地出生居民收入,本地出生对收入水平有正面影响,在其他因素不变的情况下,本地居民的工资水平是移民收入水平的1.3倍。第四,香港本地出生与非本地出生居民之间的工资差异主要是由歧视引起的,歧视对收入差异的解释度分别为67.17%(2001年)、68.81%(2006年)、56.17%(2011年),歧视程度有所下降。
Migrant population plays an important role in the economic development of Hong Kong. Compared with the local residents, immigrants in Hong Kong can get fair employment opportunities and treatment is a matter of concern. Using Hong Kong population sample survey data, this paper analyzes the employment income of Hong Kong non-native residents from 2001 to 2011 and examines the income of local and non-local residents in Hong Kong by employing empirical methods such as the Mingser regression equation and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition gap. The findings are as follows: First, from the demographic trends, most of non-Hong Kong native born residents are Mainland migrants, accounting for more than 70% of the total population; followed by the Philippines and Indonesia, accounting for about 18% While residents in other places are minority. Second, comparing the incomes of residents of different places of birth, immigrants from developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States have higher incomes. The incomes of immigrants from developing countries and regions such as the Mainland and India are middle-level and similar to those of Hong Kong residents. The Philippines and Indonesia, the income level is lower, they are basically in the bottom of Hong Kong society. Third, comparing the incomes of local and non-local residents in Hong Kong, the local births have a positive impact on the income level. When other factors remain unchanged, the wage level of local residents is 1.3 times the income level of immigrants. Fourthly, wage differentials between Hong Kong’s native born and non-native born residents are mainly caused by discrimination. The explanation of discrimination on income differences is 67.17% (2001), 68.81% (2006) and 56.17% (2011) respectively Year), the degree of discrimination has declined.