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Conversion of syngas containing carbon oxides is a key step in gas-to-liquid (GTL), coal-to-liquid (CTL) and biomass-to-liquid (BTL) processes. As a promising route for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals from alternative feedstocks, carbon monoxide hydrogenation has been gaining renewed interest during the last years. Carbon monoxide hydrogenation involves conversion of carbon monoxide to valuable hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Manufacturing hydrocarbons from syngas is also called Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. Several industrial GTL complexes producing gasoline, diesel, and waxes by FT synthesis using Fe-based and Co-based catalysts have been built or currently under construction (Mossgas, Petro SA in South Africa, Bintulu, Shellin Malaysia, Oryx, Sasol and Pearl, Shell in Qatar and Escravos, SasolChevron in Nigeria). Methanol synthesis using a Cu-Zn-Al catalyst is a well-established syngas conversion technology. On the other hand, synthesis of ethanol and higher alcohols using Rh-based, Cu-Co-based or MoS2-based catalyst has continuously attracted renewed interests as another viable option for syngas utilization.