【摘 要】
:
凝胶光子晶体是以能够对外界刺激产生敏感响应的智能凝胶为活性物质,将其填充入光子晶体内部空隙中得到的新型功能材料。本文旨在将聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-co-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲
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凝胶光子晶体是以能够对外界刺激产生敏感响应的智能凝胶为活性物质,将其填充入光子晶体内部空隙中得到的新型功能材料。本文旨在将聚(甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯-co-2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)[P(HEMA-co-AMPS)]电场响应凝胶与聚苯乙烯(PS)光子晶体相结合得到电场响应凝胶光子晶体,具体内容包括:以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为功能单体、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为骨架单体,采用热引发聚合制备了P(HEMA-co-AMPS)聚电解质凝胶。以平衡溶胀度ESR和溶胀率SR为指标研究了P(HEMA-co-AMPS)干凝胶的溶胀行为,结果表明,当单体AMPS摩尔含量为90%、交联剂用量为0.5%时干凝胶的ESR达到最大值55.61,施加30 V电压10 min后SR达到2.75,说明电场可改善其溶胀性能。以保水率WR和形变量E为指标研究了吸水饱和凝胶的电致收缩(消溶胀)和弯曲形变两种形式的电场响应性能,结果表明,随AMPS摩尔含量、电解液浓度、电场强度的增加,凝胶的电致收缩速率和程度增大,当AMPS摩尔含量为90%的凝胶放入0.6 mol/L NaCl电解液中并施加30 V电压时,凝胶的WR在4 min内就可从100%降低至10.53%。凝胶的电致收缩具有可恢复性,在不同电压下收缩程度不同的凝胶,恢复时间需70-120min不等。P(HEMA-co-AMPS)凝胶在外加电场中发生明显的偏向负极的弯曲形变,当交联剂用量为0.5%时形变量最大,达到85.0%。通过乳液聚合法并调节苯乙烯的体积分数制备了5种粒径的PS微球,得到了PS微球最佳自组装条件:溶剂为去离子水,温度为60℃。改变PS乳液体积分数可以实现不同厚度的光子晶体的可控制备。选取粒径为213 nm、238 nm、260 nm的PS微球倾斜沉积自组装分别得到了紫色、蓝绿色、黄绿色PS光子晶体,通过测试可见光范围内的透射光谱得到三者的光子带隙中心位置为444 nm、498 nm、510 nm,制备所得的PS光子晶体有一定缺陷但没有影响其宏观颜色。采用毛细力诱导法将凝胶前体液填充入光子晶体空隙,探索了凝胶前体液粘度、玻璃基片的疏水性对填充难易的影响,得出凝胶前体液填充的最佳配方:单体浓度0.5 mol/L,AMPS摩尔含量50%,上层玻璃基片需要疏水处理。制备了P(HEMA-co-AMPS)凝胶光子晶体,孔径收缩率为30.5%,其在去离子水和无水乙醇中的反射波长是547.5 nm和473.0 nm,分别表现出绿色和蓝色,体现了对二者的溶剂响应。制作了P(HEMA-co-AMPS)凝胶光子晶体电场响应器件,30 V电压使反射波长从547.5 nm减小为511.2 nm,表现出一定的电场响应性。
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