基于混合式聚光方法的日光照明系统

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随着世界经济和文化产业的快速发展,建筑领域的能源消耗和温室气体排放显著增长,其中建筑照明耗能是建筑总能耗的主要来源。近年来,日光照明系统因其能够直接利用太阳能对建筑照明而受到广泛关注,但传统的日光照明系统光学效率较低且辐照度受天气变化影响不能维持恒定。针对上述问题,本文提出了基于混合式聚光方法日光照明系统设计方案,对太阳能聚光器在日光照明系统中的应用提供了理论支撑,同时为日光照明系统集成建筑应用提供了实验验证。该方案能够最大限度地提高太阳能的利用率,将可见光和不可见光分别收集利用,在工作时间内实现稳定的室内照明。本文主要研究内容如下:(1)首先对日光照明系统进行光学设计,在关键的聚光装置部分采用双抛物面聚光模块和无漏光导光板的设计方案,同时建立光线在混合式太阳能聚光器中传播时各参数之间的数学模型。系统中的光纤和光发散器为建筑提供更均匀的辐照度,同时增加LED辅助照明方式以便在日光不足时进行补偿照明。(2)利用Light Tools光学软件进行光线追迹,对比不同结构参数对聚光器光学性能的影响。结果表明,在聚光模块高度较小、耦合结构半径较小时,聚光器光学性能更好。通过对日光照明系统输入光通量的测试,证明太阳光可以为商业建筑模型提供60%以上的总光通量。利用DIALux软件获得室内工作面的辐照度分布,计算得到工作面的辐照度均匀性为0.3。根据系统中各光学元件的效率计算出系统总光学效率达到63.49%,并对辅助照明方式进行节能分析。(3)最后,在实验室内搭建用于日光照明的导光板型太阳能聚光器实验平台,验证晴朗天气和多云天气下日光照明系统的光学性能。分析不同季节下日光照明系统的工作情况,结果表明,夏季日光照明系统的光学性能优于冬季。上述研究结果证明,所提出的日光照明系统能够为建筑内部提供高效稳定的照明需求,且在不同环境下仍然能够保持良好的光学性能。该工作为新型日光照明系统的光学设计提供了思路,在光学及建筑照明领域有较大的发展空间。
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