贵州主要耕地土壤硫素状况及硫肥效应研究

来源 :西南农业大学 西南大学 | 被引量 : 13次 | 上传用户:huitianfly
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采用调查研究、盆钵栽培、田间试验和实验室化学分析诸方法研究了贵州省耕地土壤硫素状况和硫素平衡以及施用不同硫肥对白菜、油菜、水稻、玉米、小麦产量和某些品质特征的影响,评述了贵州省作物施硫技术和硫肥的应用前景。结果表明: 1.贵州省713个耕地土样平均有效硫含量55.2±33.4 mg/kg,属含量丰富区域。但据样本估计全省仍有约1/3(占33.95%)耕地缺硫或潜在性缺硫,需要或季节性需要补施硫肥。贵州省耕地土壤有效硫含量的影响因素主要有土壤有机质、海拔高度、土壤类型等。土壤有机质含量与有效硫含量呈极显著正相关,海拔高度与土壤有效硫含量呈极显著的二次回归关系。 2.不同作物的施硫效应,在有效硫含量接近或低于30mg/kg的土壤上,水稻、玉米、小麦、油菜和白菜施用硫肥均显著增产,增产作用以玉米(10.5%~23.5%)>油菜(8.7%~15.4%)>小麦(5.8%~13.1%)>白菜(7.6%)>水稻(4.8%~9.9%)。 3.氮钾硫配施对白菜产量和硝酸盐的作用可用三元二次回归方程表征,对产量Y=19065+961.5XN+120XK+48XS-751.5XN2-592.5XK2+493.5XS2+363XNXK+496.5XNXS-181.5XKXS;对硝酸盐YNO3-=688.2+107.6XN-41.2XK-24.4XS-301XK2+39.2XS2-32.5XNXK-29.8XNXS。 4.不同硫肥的效应和施用量,从增产增收综合考虑,供试5种硫肥对水稻、玉米、油菜、小麦、白菜均以磷石膏、普钙效果最好,硫磺和石膏次之。这是贵州省大多数作物经济合理选择硫肥的依据。贵州省主要农作物经济合理的施硫量为31.5~60.0 kgS/hm2。 5.土壤有效硫含量小于16mg/kg、介于16~30 mg/kg或30~40 mg/kg时,作物施硫增产效果大于5%的试验个数占试验总数的百分率分别为100%、78%或62.5%,贵州省土壤推荐施硫的土壤有效硫含量初步确定为30 mg/kg。 6.经初步计算,贵州省土壤输入的硫素旱地为60.0~91.5 kg/hm2,水田72.0~107.5kg/hm2。玉米—油菜轮作需硫54.6~114.3 kg/hm2;水稻—油菜轮作需硫51.2~103.3 kg/hm2。贵州农业土壤硫素输入和输出比较,旱地土壤潜在缺硫。 7.贵州省硫肥应用前景,以土壤有效硫含量30 mg/kg作为贵州土壤推荐施硫指标,贵州省需施硫的耕地土壤占总面积的33.9%,约55万hm2。按50kgS/hm2用量计算,总需硫量2.75万t,相当于磷石膏22.9万t。
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