Social assistance is the foundation of building harmonious society and the key factor to promote the development of economical society. Based on the national situation, since there form and open policy, our reform in the city and countryside society has obtained the very great achievement, The society assistance has made the tremendous contribution in safeguarding the difficult crowds basic life, in promoting society harmony, in maintaining social stability and has received great affection throughout society. At present, our countrys system of social assistance is not imperfect, the society assistance also have problems in the practice, Establishing perfect society assistance system is called to grow, which has caused the country and the government takes highly conscious. How to further and deepen the society’s rescue assistance reformation and explore the effective reform way, is a important topic in front of researchers.　　 This article unifies the basic characteristic of the social assistance, based on conception relevant to social assistance, take our countrys national condition in present stage as the foundation, from two aspects in achievement and the existing question to give premise in proposing the rational measure and consummation in social assistance. Form the work policy, to the legislative work and the operational mechanism, those three aspects to propose "one body-two wing" corresponding solution countermeasures. The paper also unifies investigation and studies which is taken by the author in Ezhou; it is a real and the objective reflection of social assistance. Moreover, the paper also analyze other influencing factors, like the social enterprise development, the social cooperation consciousness, the positive public participation and so on, which has carried on the effective discussion on building work environment and joint forces in construction of social assistance.