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人体对气候变化程度和速度非常敏感、脆弱,目前蔓延的“非典”就可能与气候变化有关。气候变化对健康的直接影响来自于温度和极端天气,海平面上升。而降雨量和温度模式的变化可能扰乱自然生态系统,改变传染病的生态,损害农业和新鲜水的供给,加重空气污染,引起动植物群落大范围的重组。这些间接影响对人体健康有更大的累积影响。 世界卫生组织指出,如果世界各国不能采取有力措施确保世界气候正常,到2020年,每年将有70万人死于非命。 对地球升温最敏感的是那些居住在中纬度地区的人们,暑热天数延长以及高温高湿天气会导致以心脏、呼吸系统为主的疾病或死亡。持续性炎热比瞬时高温对死亡率有更大的影响,由于“热岛效应”,城市市区不仅高温且持续时间长,热浪又与高污染水平相联系。因此,气温增暖给许多疾病的繁殖、传播提供了更适宜的温床。例如在纽约和上海,一旦温度超过一定的阈值,日死亡率就显著增加。
The human body is very sensitive and vulnerable to the extent and speed of climate change. The current spread of SARS may be related to climate change. The direct health effects of climate change come from temperature and extreme weather, and sea level rises. Changes in rainfall and temperature patterns may disrupt natural ecosystems, change the ecology of infectious diseases, damage the supply of agriculture and fresh water, aggravate air pollution and induce a wide range of animal and plant communities to be reorganized. These indirect effects have a greater cumulative effect on human health. According to the World Health Organization, if all countries in the world can not take effective measures to ensure a normal world climate, 700 million people will die each year by 2020. The most sensitive to the warming of the earth are those living in the mid-latitude regions. The prolonged days of heat and high temperature, high humidity will lead to heart-based or respiratory-related diseases or deaths. Persistent heat has a greater impact on mortality than instantaneous heat, which is not only high in temperature and long in urban areas, but also linked to high levels of pollution due to the “heat island effect.” Therefore, the warming of many diseases, breeding, propagation provides a more suitable hotbed. In New York and Shanghai, for example, the daily mortality rate has increased significantly when the temperature exceeds a certain threshold.