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针对传统SWAT模型参数率定方法是以流域总出口为控制点的单出口率定,忽略了各子流域防洪要求以及不同子流域水文特征空间变异性的问题,利用清江流域26个雨量观测站及5个流量观测站1993~1995年的日资料数据,建立了基于SWAT模型的清江流域分布式水文模型,以各流量站点为子流域出口将整个流域划分为5个子流域,选取不同数目的控制点(2~5个)构成不同的多出口率定情景。与单出口率定结果对比发现,各多出口率定情景下流域总出口处的模拟精度与单出口率定结果基本相似,但在4个控制点的率定情景下,子流域出口处的模拟精度在率定期、验证期分别提高了11%~20%、2%~17%。表明多出口率定能在不降低流域总出口模拟精度的前提下提高各子流域的模拟精度;且对清江流域来说,选取4个控制点进行多出口率定时,模拟效果最好。
Aiming at the problem that the traditional SWAT model parameter calibration method is based on the single outlet rate with the total outlet of the river basin as a control point, the flood control requirements of each sub-river basin and the spatial variability of hydrological features in different sub-river basins are ignored. By using 26 rainfall observation stations Five data sets of flow observation stations from 1993 to 1995 were used to establish a distributed hydrological model of Qingjiang River Basin based on the SWAT model. The flow field was divided into five sub-basins by exporting sub-river basins, and different numbers of control points (2 to 5) constitute a different multiple export rate set scenarios. Compared with the single export rate, the results show that the simulation accuracy of the total export under the multiple export rate scenarios is basically similar to that of the single export rate. However, under the scenario of four control points, the simulation at the outlet of the sub-catchment Accuracy in the rate of regular verification period increased by 11% to 20%, 2% to 17%. It shows that the multi-exit rate can improve the simulation precision of each sub-basin without reducing the accuracy of the total exit of the basin. In addition, for the Qingjiang River basin, four control points are selected for multi-exit rate timing, and the simulation results are the best.