人工听觉脑干植入（ABI）是一种中枢听觉重建技术，通过直接在脑干蜗核处安置电极阵列，刺激听觉神经组织产生听觉，因此可以不受耳蜗或蜗神经病变的限制。多通道ABI诞生至今近30年，其适应证已从最初的神经纤维瘤病2型（NF2）患者扩大到重度内耳和（或）蜗神经畸形的先天性耳聋患者等，手术年龄也从成人降到幼儿。本文就ABI的原理、适应证、手术、并发症以及植入后听力改善效果等方面进行概述。“,”Auditory brainstem implantation is a hearing restoration technique on the central auditory pathway, which directly stimulates neural tissues of cochlear nucleus by electrode array to produce hearing, so it will not be restricted by abnormalities of the cochlea and cochlear nerve. In the past 30 years since the birth of multi-channel ABI, its indications have expanded from patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) to congenital deafness patients with severe inner ear and/or cochlear nerve malformations, and the age of recipients decreases from adults to young children. This article summarizes the principle, indications, surgical techniques, complications and auditory outcomes of ABI.