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木腐真菌是森林生态系统中非常重要的组成部分,能够降解倒木,实现生态系统中的物质循环。长白山阔叶红松林林分结构复杂,林内植物种类多样,倒木数量极多,为木腐真菌的生长提供了丰富的基质。为了解该林分中不同树种对木腐真菌的影响,本研究选取了长白山自然保护区25 hm2永久性大样地中325块20 m×20 m的样方,对样方中的木腐真菌进行了调查和记录,并对其中4类优势树种槭属、椴属、栎属和松属倒木上的降解真菌分别进行了统计和分析,结果发现:阔叶红松林中这4种优势寄主上的木腐真菌占所调查真菌总数的86.6%,物种数占总数95.3%,囊括了该林分中木腐真菌的绝大多数。但不同树种上的真菌种类有很大差别,4种树种上木腐真菌的种类韦恩图显示,这4类优势树种共有种类仅为7种,而各自独特种至少占本类树种倒木上真菌种类的25%,尤其松属上的独特种类数占松属真菌总数的45.7%。倒木的腐烂程度和径级对木腐真菌也有着极为重要的影响。不论哪个树种,腐烂程度为2级的倒木均生长有种类最多、数量最大的真菌;而径级大于10 cm的倒木也是木腐真菌的优先选择。
Wood-rot fungi are a very important part of forest ecosystems that can degrade fallen trees and material circulation in ecosystems. The structure of the broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain is complex, and there are many kinds of plants in the forest. The quantity of fallen wood is extremely large, which provides a rich matrix for the growth of wood-rot fungi. In order to understand the effects of different tree species on woody fungi in this forest stand, 325 20 m × 20 m quadrats in 25 hm2 permanent large plots of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve were selected to study the effects of wood-rot fungi Were investigated and recorded, and the dominant fungi of four dominant species, Acer, Tilia, Quercus and Pinus, were counted and analyzed respectively. The results showed that the four dominant hosts in the broad-leaved Korean pine forest Accounted for 86.6% of the total number of fungi investigated, accounting for 95.3% of the total number of species, which covered the vast majority of wood rot fungi in the forest. However, the species of fungi in different tree species are quite different. The species of wood-rot fungi in four species of trees show that the species of these four dominant species are only 7 species in total, while their unique species account for at least the fungi 25% of the species, especially Pinus, account for 45.7% of the total number of fungi. The decay degree and diameter grade of fallen wood also have a very important influence on wood rot fungus. In any tree species, fallen wood with decay level 2 grew the largest and largest number of fungi, whereas fallen wood with a diameter greater than 10 cm was also a preferred wood-rot fungus.