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本实验用一次性人体胸片(0.118mGy)、胸透(4.920mGy)、胃肠检查(40.425mGy)的X射线剂量,分别一次性均匀照射小鼠,照后7小时观察骨髓细胞染色体畸变率及微核率,结果随剂量的增加染色体畸变率及微核率均增高。中期染色体畸变率与间期细胞微核率两者呈直线相关(r=0.96,P<0.05、直线回归方程为y=—0.32+1.37x)。染色体畸变类型以染色体断片为主。说明在小剂量x射线情况下,引起染色体畸变主要是断片。微核的产生主要由断片形成。所以,通过观察微核率就可得知染色体断裂情况,从而进一步得知此x射线剂量对哺乳动物及人体遗传物质的损伤程度。
In this study, disposable X-ray doses of human chest radiograph (0.118mGy), chest X-ray (4.920mGy), and gastrointestinal examination (40.425mGy) were used to uniformly irradiate mice one at a time, and the chromosome aberration rate of bone marrow cells was observed 7 hours after irradiation. And micronucleus rate, the results with the increase of the dose of chromosome aberration rate and micronucleus rate were increased. There was a linear correlation between the rate of metaphase chromosomal aberration and the rate of micronucleus in the interphase (r=0.96, P<0.05, linear regression equation was y=—0.32+1.37x). Chromosome aberrations are mainly based on chromosome fragments. This shows that in the case of low-dose x-rays, chromosome aberrations are mainly fragmentation. The production of micronuclei mainly consists of fragments. Therefore, by observing the micronucleus rate, we can know the chromosomal breakage, so as to further understand the degree of damage of this x-ray dose to mammals and human genetic material.