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目的分析广东省连州市狂犬病流行特征和影响因素,探讨有效的防制策略。方法收集连州市2000-2009年狂犬病疫情资料和个案调查表进行描述性流行病学分析。结果连州市2000-2009年共报告狂犬病41例,年均发病率为0.86/10万,以2001年最低(0.20/10万),2007年最高(3.15/10万);疫情波及83.33%的乡镇,主要集中在农村地区,发病高峰为9-11月,以农民、学生和散居儿童发病为主,男女性别比为1.73∶1;传染源主要是犬,其次是猫,伤人动物无免疫史或免疫史不详;88.57%的病例犬伤暴露后未处理伤口也未注射疫苗,所有病例均未注射抗狂犬病血清或抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白。结论暴露后伤口处理及免疫率低以及犬只免疫率低是造成连州市狂犬病疫情上升的主要原因,今后应全面落实狂犬病综合防治措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of rabies in Lianzhou City, Guangdong Province, and to explore effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The rabies epidemic situation data and case questionnaires in Lianzhou City during 2000-2009 were collected for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 41 rabies cases were reported in Lianzhou City from 2000 to 2009, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.86 per 100 000, with the lowest in 2001 (0.20 / 100,000) and the highest in 2007 (3.15 / 100 000). The epidemic affected 83.33% The towns and villages were mainly concentrated in rural areas with the peak incidence from September to November. The incidence of peasants, students and diaspora was the majority, with a sex ratio of 1.73:1. The main sources of infection were dogs, followed by cats, History of history or history of immunization was unknown; 88.57% of cases were untreated and vaccinated after being exposed to dog wounds, and all cases were not injected with anti-rabies serum or anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Conclusions After exposure, the treatment of wounds and the low immunization rate and the low immunization rate of dogs are the main causes of rabies epidemic in Lianzhou City. Comprehensive prevention and treatment measures for rabies should be fully implemented in the future.