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分别采集了夏秋两季安徽某铁矿的酸性矿山废水样品,分析其物理化学参数,并利用分子生物学方法研究了该酸性矿山废水中微生物群落结构随时间和空间的变化规律.结果表明:该矿山废水酸性极强,夏季所采样品pH在2.80左右,且阴阳离子含量很高,Al~(3+)为1108~1138mg·L~(-1),SO_4~(2-)则高达19.80~23.79 g·L~(-1).秋季样品p H没有明显变化,但由于两次采样期间的大量降水,样品中各离子含量明显低于夏季.值得注意的是,该极端酸性的矿山废水中叶绿素a含量较高,夏季达63.8~94.2μg·L~(-1),秋季则降至16.6~32.7μg·L~(-1).无论是在夏季还是秋季,Alphaproteobacteria在绝大多数位点的细菌群落中占据着优势地位.化能异养菌Acidiphilium是最主要的细菌菌属,它在夏季和秋季各位点群落中所占比例都达20%左右,这应该与其丰富的代谢方式有关.对于真核微生物群落,夏季主要为尖毛虫和小球藻,秋季主要为棕鞭藻和小球藻.小球藻是该酸性生态系统主要的生产者,尖毛虫和棕鞭藻则扮演着顶级消费者的角色.该酸性废水应处于酸水形成末期,所以细菌群落中化能异养菌占据着优势地位,化能自养菌比例较少.由于温度等理化性质的不同,微生物群落结构随时间和空间发生了一定变化,其中以真核微生物群落结构变化最为显著.
Acid mine wastewater samples from an iron mine in Anhui Province were collected in summer and autumn, respectively, and their physico-chemical parameters were analyzed. The changes of microbial community structure in time and space in the acidic mine wastewater were studied by molecular biology method. The results showed that: The mine wastewater has a strong acidity. The pH value of samples collected in summer is about 2.80, and the content of anions and cations is very high. The concentrations of Al ~ (3+) are 1108 ~ 1138 mg · L ~ (-1) and that of SO_4 ~ (2- 23.79 g · L -1 .The p H of autumn samples did not change significantly, but due to the large amount of precipitation during the two sampling periods, the content of each ion in the samples was significantly lower than that in summer.It is noteworthy that in this extremely acidic mine wastewater The content of chlorophyll a was higher in summer, reaching 63.8 ~ 94.2 μg · L -1 in autumn and decreased to 16.6 ~ 32.7 μg · L -1 in autumn.Also, in summer or autumn, Of the bacterial communities occupy the dominant position.The Acidiphilium is the most important bacterial genus, which accounts for about 20% of the communities in the summer and autumn, which should be related to its rich metabolic mode. For eukaryotic microbial community, the summer mainly for caterpillars and chlorella, the main autumn Chlorella is the main producer of this acidic ecosystem, and the caterpillars and brown algae play the role of top consumers. The acidic waste water should be in the final stage of acid water formation, so bacteria Due to the different physical and chemical properties such as temperature, the structure of microbial communities changed with time and space, among which the structure of eukaryotic microorganisms was the most Significant.