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免疫接种是预防和控制传染病的重要手段之一,随着免疫接种覆盖率的提高,疑似免疫接种不良事件(AEFI)也日益增多。中国疾病预防控制中心将AEFI分为7类,包括疫苗本身的不良反应(一般反应和异常反应)、疫苗质量、实施差错、非疫苗引起的偶合反应、心因性反应和不明原因的反应。本文概述了乙型肝炎疫苗、卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹/麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗、百白破疫苗、乙型脑炎疫苗、B型流感嗜血杆菌偶联疫苗、狂犬病疫苗和甲型H1N1流感疫苗等9种疫苗不良事件的发生情况,以及AEFI的监测和管理措施,旨在为增强免疫接种的安全性提供参考。
Immunization is one of the important ways to prevent and control infectious diseases. As immunization coverage increases, the number of suspected immunization adverse events (AEFI) is also increasing. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention divided AEFI into seven categories, including the vaccine’s adverse reactions (normal reactions and abnormal reactions), vaccine quality, implementation errors, non-vaccine induced coupling reactions, psychogenic reactions and unexplained reactions. This article provides an overview of hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, oral polio vaccine, measles / measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, diphtheria-pertussis vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine, rabies vaccine and Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine and other 9 kinds of vaccine incidence of adverse events, as well as AEFI monitoring and management measures designed to enhance the safety of immunization provide a reference.