乡镇企业是农村中的集体经济组织,本应自主权较多,没有大锅饭,具有较大的活力。但是,从乡镇企业诞生的那一天起,就遇到许多自身难以克服的困难,其中比较突出的是行政干预太多。企业对人,财、物的自主权不能得到起码的保证,部分公社(乡)干部随意在企业中安插自己的亲友和子女,随意抓钱抓物,随意撤换坚持原则、秉公办事的企业干部,把企业变成了他们为所欲为的“领地”,严重地影响了企业的发展。近年来,虽然在乡镇企业中普遍推行了经费承包责任制和其他一些改革措施,但妨碍企业前进的一些问题并未得到很好解决。究其原因,当然是多方面的,而改革中,对现行经济管理体制与乡镇企业的集体所有制性质不相适应这个根本性问题几乎没有触及,恐怕是一个十分重要的原因。 Township enterprises are collective economic organizations in rural areas. They should have more autonomy and no big pot of rice. They have greater vitality. However, from the day when the township and township enterprises were born, they encountered many difficulties that they were unable to overcome. Among them, the more prominent was the administrative intervention. The autonomy of enterprises for people, finances, and materials cannot be guaranteed at least. Some communes (township) cadres are free to insert their relatives, friends, and children in enterprises, free to grab money and grab objects, and arbitrarily replace enterprise cadres who uphold principles and act impartially. Turning enterprises into the “territory” where they want to do has seriously affected the development of enterprises. In recent years, although the financial responsibility system and other reform measures have generally been implemented in township and village enterprises, some problems that hinder the progress of enterprises have not been well resolved. The reasons for this are of course many, and in the reform, the fundamental issue of incompatibility between the current economic management system and the nature of the collective ownership of the township and township enterprises has hardly been touched. I am afraid this is a very important reason.