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穗型是水稻株型的重要组成部分,研究不同穗型籼稻对群体小气候的影响,为籼稻超高产育种提供理论依据.以弯曲穗型水稻蜀恢498及其通过EMS诱变产生的直立穗型突变体R499为试材,研究不同穗型水稻对群体小气候的影响.结果表明,直立穗突变体R499的穗颈弯曲度小于40°,直立性程度高,其群体小气候明显优于弯曲穗群体.其中,群体中下部通透性存在极显著差异,当外界风速为4.5 m/s时,直立穗群体的中、下部风速较弯曲穗群体高44.44%和27.90%.在冠层以下20-80 cm的范围内直立穗群体的光强度降低速度远小于弯曲穗群体;8:00至16:00中下部直立穗群体的光强度均明显高于弯曲穗群体,可以保证群体中下部叶片的受光率;直立穗群体中下层温度均高于弯曲穗群体,湿度低于弯曲穗群体.由于直立穗与弯曲穗植株性状除穗型外几乎无差异,因此穗型可能是导致突变体和野生型群体小气候之间差异的一个重要因素.
Panicle type is an important part of rice plant type and the effect of different panicle type indica rice on population microclimate is studied to provide theoretical basis for super high yielding indica rice breeding.With the curve type Shuhui 498 and its erect panicle type The mutant R499 was used to study the effects of different panicle types on the colony microclimates.The results showed that the panicle curvature of the erect panicle mutant R499 was less than 40 ° and its erectness was high, and its microclimate was significantly better than that of the bent ear population. When the wind speed was 4.5 m / s, the wind speed in the middle and lower part of the erect panicle was 44.44% and 27.90% higher than that of the bent ear, , The light intensity of erect panicle population was much lower than that of curved ear cluster. The light intensity of middle and lower erect panicle cluster was significantly higher than that of curved ear cluster from 8:00 to 16:00, which could ensure the light-receiving rate of lower and middle leaves of the population. The temperature in the middle and lower layers of erect spikelets was higher than that of bent earpopulations, and the humidity was lower than that of bent ears.Because panicle and bent ear plants had almost no difference except for the panicle type, the panicle type may cause the mutant and the wild-type population to be small An important factor in the differences between climates.