北宋是知识分子的黄金时代,在政治和文化上都达到了巅峰。北宋中后期,范仲淹和王安石先后主持了两次改革,围绕是否需要改革以及改革的具体内容,在士人群体间产生了矛盾。这一矛盾与“斯文”密切相关,“斯文”既包括狭义的儒家经典著作,也包括广义的各种思想文化。就前者而言,托古改制的习惯要求从“斯文”中找到理论依据,这导致了北宋儒学的兴盛;就后者而言,北宋重用文人的政策也导致了思想文化的兴盛。士人都是饱学之士,对儒家经典的理解互有差异,学术分歧导出政见分歧,学术矛盾与政治矛盾交织在一起。大致来说,从仁宗庆历年间到北宋灭亡,“斯文”经历了重振、分裂和没落三个阶段,与此相应,其审美也表现出不同的形态。 The Northern Song Dynasty was the golden age of intellectuals, culminating politically and culturally. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi successively presided over two reforms. Conflicts between the groups of scholars have arisen around the need of reform and the specific content of the reform. This contradiction is closely related to “Svan ”, “Sven ” includes both narrow Confucian classics, but also includes a wide range of ideological and cultural. In terms of the former, the tradition of the Tuogu reorganization required that the theoretical basis be found in “Svan ”, which led to the prosperity of Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. For the latter, the policy of reusing the scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty also led to the flourishing of the ideology and culture. Scholars are full of people, understanding of the Confucian classics are different from each other, academic differences lead to political disagreements, academic conflicts and political conflicts intertwined. Generally speaking, from the Reign of Qing to the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty, Sven underwent three stages of revival, division and decline. Correspondingly, his aesthetic appearance also showed different forms.