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非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词历来是高考考查的重点。考查要点一般在下面几个方面设置：两个及多个动词连用时的非谓语动词作伴随状语，非谓语动词的一般式、完成式和被动语态，动名词的复合结构及独立主格结构，非谓语动词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致等，试题的命题方向是考查注重语境，强调基本概念的运用，同学们对非谓语动词的运用在备考时要引起足够的重视。以下例题就易错非谓语动词的题型时行对比说明。
例1 ①________ by some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.
②________ some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.
A. Following B. To be followed
C. Having followed D. Followed
解析 DA。①主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的动宾关系； ②主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的主谓关系。
例2 ①The teacher told us that this English poem was ________.
②The teacher told us that this English poem was difficult ________.
A. understanding B. to understand
C. to be understood D. understand
解析 CB。①没有形容词作表语，不定式用被动式；②有形容词作表语时，不定式要用主动式与形容词一起构成复合谓语。
例3 ①They worked all day， _______ for the sports meeting.
②They worked all day _______ for the sports meeting.
A. prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. to prepare
解析 BD。①preparing伴随状语；②to prepare目的状语。
例4 ①Their team is sure ____ the game. I’m confident in them.
②Their team is sure ______ the game. They’re confident in themselves.
A. to win B. win
C. to winning D. of winning
解析 AD。①be sure to do“一定会……”；②be sure of doing“对做……有把握”。
例5 ①There is a large waiting room there， _______ a lot of passengers.
②There are a lot of passengers ______ in the waiting room there.
A. seating B. sitting
C. seats D. sits
解析 AB。①非谓语动词seating这里是及物的，应接一个宾语，意为“使（让）……就座”；②sitting不及物动词，分词短语作后置定语。
例6 ①—I’m going to town. I have something ________ to my sister.
②—I’m going to town. Do you have anything ________ to your sister？
A. taking B. to be taken
C. to take D. taken
解析 CB。①“带去”的动作是“I”发出的，故不定式用主动式“to take”；②“带去”的动作不是“you”发出的，故不定式要用被动式“to be taken”
例7 ①—Have you _____ to Jack for many years？
—No， just one year.
②—Have you ______ to Jack？
—Not yet.
A. been marrying B. married
C. got married D. been married
解析 DC。①表示可持续性状态用be married； ②表示行为动作要用get married，且不能持续。
例8 ①Seeing my mother is busy， I can’t help ________ housework.
②I was busy with my work， so I can’t help ________ housework.
A. do B. be doing
C. to doing D. doing
解析 DA。①can’t help （to） do不能帮忙做某事；②can’t help doing忍不住做某事。
例9 ①Who would you like ________ you with your English？ ②Who would you rather have _______ you with your English？
③Who would you rather _______ you with your English？
A. helped B. helping
C. to help D. help
解析 CDA。①would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”； ②would rather have sb. do sth “宁愿让某人做某事”，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语； ③would rather （that） sb. did sth. “宁愿让某人做某事”。宾语从句中动词用虚拟语气。
例10 ①In this university， Mr. Smith is the only one of the professors who _______ Chinese.
②In this university， Mr. Smith is one of the professors who _______ Chinese.
③In this university， Mr. Smith is among the professors _______ Chinese.
A. know B. knows
C. knowing D. to know
解析 BAC。①定语从句修饰the only one用单数；②定语从句修饰the professors用复数；③现在分词短语作定语，相当于主动语态的定语从句who know Chinese。
例11 ①He is looking forward ________ his grandma in the country next week.
②He was looking forward ________ what was going on over there.
③He was looking forward， ________ what was going on over there.
A. to see B. seeing
C. to seeing D. see
解析 CAB。①期盼；②往前凑想看看那边发生什么事，to see作目的状语；③往前凑看到那边发生了什么事；seeing作结果状语。
例12 ①—I thank you ________ me the news.
—You’re welcome.
②—I appreciate your ________ me the news.
—It’s my pleasure.
③—I thank you ________ me the news.
—All right.
A. for telling B. tell
C. to tell D. telling
解析 ADC。①thank sb. for doing sth.“表示感谢某人做某事”；②appreciate“感谢”时不接“人”做宾语，常接名词或动名词；③thank sb. to do sth. “恳求某人做某事”。
例13 ①I suggested he __________ it again.
②I suggested him __________ it again.
③His expression suggested he ________ it again.
A. try B. trying
C. tried D. had tried
解析 ABD。①suggest表示“建议”宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气“should do”；②suggest不可接不定式，但可接动名词或动名词的复合结构；③suggest做“暗示；表明”意思时，宾语从句用直称语气。
例14 ①I think your suggestion is worth .
②I think your suggestion is worthy of _______.
③I think your suggestion is worthy _______.
A. consider B. being considered
C. to be considered D. considering
解析 DBC。①表示“……值得做”用“sth. is worth doing”；②sth. is worthy既可用“of being done”也可用“to be done”。
例15 ①Her overcoat ________， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
②The girl， ________ in her overcoat， hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
③On ________ her overcoat， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
④The girl ________ a overcoat hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend. A. putting on B. dressed
C. wearing D. going on
解析 DBAC。①独立主格结构做时间状语，go on不及物，作“穿戴”时，常用衣、帽鞋袜作主语；②dressed in... = who was dressed in...；③（姑娘）一穿上大衣，On doing sth， “一……就……”；④wearing现在分词短语作定语相当与主动语态的定语从句who is wearing...。
例16 ①He had his sick kid _______ to the hospital， for he had no time then.
②He had a boy _______ the books for him.
③He had a boy _______ the books all the morning.
④He had a boy _______ on his motorcycle， so he couldn’t take me along.
A. carry B. to carry
C. carrying D. carried
解析 DACB。 ①“have...done”“请（让）某人做某事”（他当时没空，他请别人把他生病的孩子送到医院）；②have+宾语+do宾补）；③have sb. doing=keep sb. doing“让（使）某人一直做……”；④had是行为动词“有”，后接不定式作定语，而不是使役动词。
例17 ①East of the city ________ a beautiful park 3 years ago.
②He ________ his hand on my shoulder.
③He often _______ to his teacher in high school.
④He’s ________ there for 2 hours.
A. laid B. lied
C. lay D. lain
解析 CABD。①完全倒装句，动词“位于”lie的过去式为lay；②动词lay“搁置；放”的过去式为laid；③动词lie“撒谎”的过去式为lied。
[练习]
1. ①Three years later he turned ______ doctor.
②Three years later he became ______ doctor.
A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the
2. ①Many students find ______ difficult to learn.
②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn.
A. English B. an English
C. the English D. England
3.①New York is much larger than ______ in America.
②New York is much larger than _____ in India.
A. other city B. any city
C. all cities D. any other city
4. ①The workers ______ a new hospital since the end of last year.
②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year.
A. have built B. have been building
C. had built D. were building
5. ①The little girl had no choice but _______ at home.
②The little girl could do nothing but ______ at home.
A. to stay B. to staying
C. stayed D. stay
6. ①The book is worth _______， I think.
②The book is worthy of _______， I think.
③ The book is worthy _______， I think.
A. to be read B. being read
C. reading D. read
7. ①She often goes to school _______ bike.
②She often goes to school _______ foot.
A. in B. at
C. on D. by
[参考答案]
1. CB 2. DC 3. DB 4. BD 5. AD 6. CBA 7. DC
例1 ①________ by some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.
②________ some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.
A. Following B. To be followed
C. Having followed D. Followed
解析 DA。①主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的动宾关系； ②主句的主语与分词为逻辑上的主谓关系。
例2 ①The teacher told us that this English poem was ________.
②The teacher told us that this English poem was difficult ________.
A. understanding B. to understand
C. to be understood D. understand
解析 CB。①没有形容词作表语，不定式用被动式；②有形容词作表语时，不定式要用主动式与形容词一起构成复合谓语。
例3 ①They worked all day， _______ for the sports meeting.
②They worked all day _______ for the sports meeting.
A. prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. to prepare
解析 BD。①preparing伴随状语；②to prepare目的状语。
例4 ①Their team is sure ____ the game. I’m confident in them.
②Their team is sure ______ the game. They’re confident in themselves.
A. to win B. win
C. to winning D. of winning
解析 AD。①be sure to do“一定会……”；②be sure of doing“对做……有把握”。
例5 ①There is a large waiting room there， _______ a lot of passengers.
②There are a lot of passengers ______ in the waiting room there.
A. seating B. sitting
C. seats D. sits
解析 AB。①非谓语动词seating这里是及物的，应接一个宾语，意为“使（让）……就座”；②sitting不及物动词，分词短语作后置定语。
例6 ①—I’m going to town. I have something ________ to my sister.
②—I’m going to town. Do you have anything ________ to your sister？
A. taking B. to be taken
C. to take D. taken
解析 CB。①“带去”的动作是“I”发出的，故不定式用主动式“to take”；②“带去”的动作不是“you”发出的，故不定式要用被动式“to be taken”
例7 ①—Have you _____ to Jack for many years？
—No， just one year.
②—Have you ______ to Jack？
—Not yet.
A. been marrying B. married
C. got married D. been married
解析 DC。①表示可持续性状态用be married； ②表示行为动作要用get married，且不能持续。
例8 ①Seeing my mother is busy， I can’t help ________ housework.
②I was busy with my work， so I can’t help ________ housework.
A. do B. be doing
C. to doing D. doing
解析 DA。①can’t help （to） do不能帮忙做某事；②can’t help doing忍不住做某事。
例9 ①Who would you like ________ you with your English？ ②Who would you rather have _______ you with your English？
③Who would you rather _______ you with your English？
A. helped B. helping
C. to help D. help
解析 CDA。①would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”； ②would rather have sb. do sth “宁愿让某人做某事”，不带to的不定式作宾语补足语； ③would rather （that） sb. did sth. “宁愿让某人做某事”。宾语从句中动词用虚拟语气。
例10 ①In this university， Mr. Smith is the only one of the professors who _______ Chinese.
②In this university， Mr. Smith is one of the professors who _______ Chinese.
③In this university， Mr. Smith is among the professors _______ Chinese.
A. know B. knows
C. knowing D. to know
解析 BAC。①定语从句修饰the only one用单数；②定语从句修饰the professors用复数；③现在分词短语作定语，相当于主动语态的定语从句who know Chinese。
例11 ①He is looking forward ________ his grandma in the country next week.
②He was looking forward ________ what was going on over there.
③He was looking forward， ________ what was going on over there.
A. to see B. seeing
C. to seeing D. see
解析 CAB。①期盼；②往前凑想看看那边发生什么事，to see作目的状语；③往前凑看到那边发生了什么事；seeing作结果状语。
例12 ①—I thank you ________ me the news.
—You’re welcome.
②—I appreciate your ________ me the news.
—It’s my pleasure.
③—I thank you ________ me the news.
—All right.
A. for telling B. tell
C. to tell D. telling
解析 ADC。①thank sb. for doing sth.“表示感谢某人做某事”；②appreciate“感谢”时不接“人”做宾语，常接名词或动名词；③thank sb. to do sth. “恳求某人做某事”。
例13 ①I suggested he __________ it again.
②I suggested him __________ it again.
③His expression suggested he ________ it again.
A. try B. trying
C. tried D. had tried
解析 ABD。①suggest表示“建议”宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气“should do”；②suggest不可接不定式，但可接动名词或动名词的复合结构；③suggest做“暗示；表明”意思时，宾语从句用直称语气。
例14 ①I think your suggestion is worth .
②I think your suggestion is worthy of _______.
③I think your suggestion is worthy _______.
A. consider B. being considered
C. to be considered D. considering
解析 DBC。①表示“……值得做”用“sth. is worth doing”；②sth. is worthy既可用“of being done”也可用“to be done”。
例15 ①Her overcoat ________， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
②The girl， ________ in her overcoat， hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
③On ________ her overcoat， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.
④The girl ________ a overcoat hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend. A. putting on B. dressed
C. wearing D. going on
解析 DBAC。①独立主格结构做时间状语，go on不及物，作“穿戴”时，常用衣、帽鞋袜作主语；②dressed in... = who was dressed in...；③（姑娘）一穿上大衣，On doing sth， “一……就……”；④wearing现在分词短语作定语相当与主动语态的定语从句who is wearing...。
例16 ①He had his sick kid _______ to the hospital， for he had no time then.
②He had a boy _______ the books for him.
③He had a boy _______ the books all the morning.
④He had a boy _______ on his motorcycle， so he couldn’t take me along.
A. carry B. to carry
C. carrying D. carried
解析 DACB。 ①“have...done”“请（让）某人做某事”（他当时没空，他请别人把他生病的孩子送到医院）；②have+宾语+do宾补）；③have sb. doing=keep sb. doing“让（使）某人一直做……”；④had是行为动词“有”，后接不定式作定语，而不是使役动词。
例17 ①East of the city ________ a beautiful park 3 years ago.
②He ________ his hand on my shoulder.
③He often _______ to his teacher in high school.
④He’s ________ there for 2 hours.
A. laid B. lied
C. lay D. lain
解析 CABD。①完全倒装句，动词“位于”lie的过去式为lay；②动词lay“搁置；放”的过去式为laid；③动词lie“撒谎”的过去式为lied。
[练习]
1. ①Three years later he turned ______ doctor.
②Three years later he became ______ doctor.
A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the
2. ①Many students find ______ difficult to learn.
②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn.
A. English B. an English
C. the English D. England
3.①New York is much larger than ______ in America.
②New York is much larger than _____ in India.
A. other city B. any city
C. all cities D. any other city
4. ①The workers ______ a new hospital since the end of last year.
②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year.
A. have built B. have been building
C. had built D. were building
5. ①The little girl had no choice but _______ at home.
②The little girl could do nothing but ______ at home.
A. to stay B. to staying
C. stayed D. stay
6. ①The book is worth _______， I think.
②The book is worthy of _______， I think.
③ The book is worthy _______， I think.
A. to be read B. being read
C. reading D. read
7. ①She often goes to school _______ bike.
②She often goes to school _______ foot.
A. in B. at
C. on D. by
[参考答案]
1. CB 2. DC 3. DB 4. BD 5. AD 6. CBA 7. DC