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本文基于国际经验,探究老年保障制度应对人口老龄化的理论实质和实践经验,分析并比较国内外老年保障多元主体及其演变,发现中国老年保障主体演变中存在的问题,提出完善中国老年保障体系的对策建议。在研究方法上,本文利用文献研究法、比较分析法研究国内外老年保障主体及其演变的异同,基于社会剥夺、社会公平等理论分析中国老年保障多元主体演变存在的问题。研究结果是:中国老年保障多元主体演变中存在着养老服务内容少、层次低,资源配置不合理,老年保障机制公平性较差,政府老年保障政策的制定与老年人的需求存在价值冲突,服务水平有待进一步提高,未能形成经费保障机制等问题。本文由此得出结论:中国应该提高养老服务水平、丰富养老服务内容、合理配置养老资源、建立更加公平、可持续的老年保障制度。政府应注重为老年人提供便利、可靠、可及的养老服务,进一步提高老年保障服务水平,加大老年保障经费投入。
Based on international experience, this article explores the theoretical essence and practical experience of the elderly security system in coping with population aging, analyzes and compares the multiple subjects of the elderly security at home and abroad and their evolution, finds the problems in the evolution of China’s elderly security entity, and proposes to improve China’s old-age security system The countermeasures and suggestions. In the research methods, this paper uses the literature research method and the comparative analysis method to study the similarities and differences of the elderly and its evolution at home and abroad, and analyzes the problems existing in the evolution of the multiple subjects of the elderly security in China based on social deprivation and social equity. The result of the research is as follows: There are few contents of old-age care services in China, such as low content of old-age care service, low level, unreasonable allocation of resources, poor fairness in old-age security system, value conflict between the formulation of government’s old-age security policy and the needs of the elderly, The level needs to be further improved, failing to form a funding guarantee mechanism and other issues. This paper concludes that: China should raise the level of pension services, enrich the content of pension services, allocate pension resources reasonably, and establish a fairer and more sustainable old-age security system. The government should pay attention to providing convenient, reliable and accessible pension services for the elderly, further improve the elderly security services and increase the funding for the elderly.