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当前利用杂种优势获得经济效益的作物正不断增加。据报导已在生产上应用的已达30种以上。玉米利用杂种优势更是国内外提高玉米产量的一项极为重要的技术措施。因此,如何预测杂种优势,正确选配亲本及找出杂种优势的原因以提高育种效率并减轻育种工作的负担,这些都是育种工作者、特别是玉米育种工作者长期来共同关心并谋求解决的重要问题。 近年来的研究指出:同工酶的分析,可以作为遗传育种的一项生理生化指标,通过对双亲同工酶的分析,有可能预测这一杂交组合优势的强弱。若杂种与其亲本的酶谱图式相同的,杂种优势弱或无杂种优势;而与亲本酶谱有差异,或为互补,或出现新酶带的则杂种优势强。我国李继耕等的研究结果表明:高优势玉米杂种的过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱式之一称为互补酶谱,在玉米叶片组织中的酶谱式上表现为第四与第五代构成互补酶谱,可作为鉴定杂种优势强弱的标志。但
The current crop that is economically profitable for heterosis is on the rise. It has been reported that more than 30 kinds have been applied in production. Utilization of heterosis in maize is a very important technical measure to increase maize production at home and abroad. Therefore, how to predict the heterosis, correctly select the parents and find the reasons for the heterosis in order to improve the breeding efficiency and reduce the burden of breeding work are all the long-term common concerns and solutions to the breeding workers, especially the corn breeding workers important question. In recent years, the study pointed out: isozyme analysis, genetic and breeding as a physiological and biochemical indicators, through the analysis of the parent isozyme, it is possible to predict the strength of this hybrid combination advantage. If the hybrids and their parents of the same zymogram, heterosis is weak or no heterosis; but with the parental differences, or complementary, or the emergence of a new enzyme band heterosis. The results of Li Ji-peng et al. Showed that one of the peroxidase isozyme patterns of high-yielding maize hybrids is called the complementary enzyme pattern, and the zymogram of corn leaf tissue is the fourth and fifth generation Complement zymogram, as a sign of the strength of the identification heterosis. but