“材料受周围环境介质的作用而遭受的变质或损坏叫腐蚀”。材料的变质或损坏包括金属的氧化、硫化、渗碳、渗氢、脱碳、氮化、离子化、一种金属被另一种熔融金属侵蚀(液态金属腐蚀,一种物质转移现象),也包括非金属的老化、粉化、溶胀、霉变等。 金属腐蚀曾被称为“金属的疾病”,防腐好象治病。事实上,人们已从“治”扩展到“防与治”并举,进而从“防”的概念发展到“控制”的概念。防腐的更恰当说法应是腐蚀控制,这便是腐蚀工程的目的。 研究腐蚀与防护具有普遍性、重要性和复杂性,牵涉到物理学、化学、物理化学、冶金学、力学、电子学、生物学、材料学、工程学和经济学等,是一门多学科相互渗透的边缘科学,并已发展成一门独立的科学部门──腐蚀科学。腐蚀科学是研究材料腐蚀规律及其控制技术的一门科学。 在石油化工生产中,设备的腐蚀控制则是化工设备完好与否的最重要保证。腐蚀控制与工艺操作是融为一体、相互依存的,谁要是单纯追求工艺生产而置设备腐蚀控制于不顾,那末,严重腐蚀造成设备损坏所导致的计划外停车和安全事故将会作出最无情的报复。 世界主要工业国曾统计过,腐蚀损失占国民生产总值的3％～5％,为火灾、洪水、风灾、地震、车祸等人类社会天灾人祸损失之首。我国的腐蚀损失数额也很? “The material is corrupted by the deterioration or damage of the surrounding medium.” Material deterioration or damage includes oxidation, sulfidation, carburization, hydrogen permeation, decarburization, nitriding, ionization of metals, erosion of one metal by another molten metal (liquid metal corrosion, a material transfer phenomenon), and Including non-metallic aging, chalking, swelling, mildew and so on. Metal corrosion has been called “metal disease”, anti-corrosion seems to cure. In fact, people have expanded from “rule” to “prevention and treatment” simultaneously, and then from the concept of “prevention” to the concept of “control.” A more appropriate view of corrosion protection should be corrosion control, which is the purpose of corrosion engineering. The study of corrosion and protection is universal, important and complex, involving physics, chemistry, physical chemistry, metallurgy, mechanics, electronics, biology, materials science, engineering and economics, is a multidisciplinary The interpenetrating peripheral science has evolved into an independent science department - corrupting science. Corrosion science is a science that studies the law of material corrosion and its control technology. In petrochemical production, equipment corrosion control is the most important guarantee of chemical equipment intact or not. Corrosion control and process operations are integrative and interdependent, and whoever neglects the control of equipment corrosion simply in the pursuit of process production will have the most ruthless, unplanned stop and safety accidents resulting from severe corrosion damage to the equipment revenge. The world’s major industrialized countries once estimated that corrosion loss accounts for 3% -5% of the GNP and is the first of human and natural disastrous losses caused by fires, floods, windstorms, earthquakes and car accidents. The amount of corrosion loss in China is also very?