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以秸秆(覆盖重量分别为小麦(Triticum aestivum)秸3.25 kg.m–2、玉米(Zea mays)秸1.97 kg.m–2、禾本科杂草3.67 kg.m–2)和生草(白三叶草(Trifolium repens)、高羊茅(Festuca arundincea)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa),播种量均为50 kg.hm–2)为覆盖材料,以不覆盖为对照,研究了不同覆盖材料对桃园土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,及其与土壤养分的关系。结果表明,与对照相比,除覆盖生草根际和非根际土壤全磷和速效磷含量差异均不显著外,其他处理根际和非根际土壤碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全钾和有机质含量差异均达到显著水平;所有处理根际和非根际土壤氨化细菌、真菌和放线菌数量、土壤含水率和pH值、土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性差异均达到显著水平。白三叶草处理的根际和非根际土壤碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全钾、有机质含量,土壤氨化细菌和真菌数量,土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性的平均升幅均最高,分别为99%、270%、267%、117%、272%、158%、141%、156%和64%。氨化细菌、真菌、放线菌、脲酶和磷酸酶分别与土壤碱解氮、速效钾(放线菌和磷酸酶除外)、全氮、全钾和有机质呈显著或极显著的正相关。通径分析表明,在3种土壤微生物和2种酶对养分含量的影响中,脲酶是影响土壤碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全钾和有机质的主要因子。
The experiment was carried out with straw (cover weight 3.25 kg.m-2, Triticum aestivum straw, Zea mays straw 1.97 kg.m-2, and weed grasses 3.67 kg.m-2 respectively) Trifolium repens, Festuca arundincea and Medicago sativa, the seeding rate was 50 kg · hm-2, and the non-coverage control was used to study the effects of different mulching materials on the soil microbial population in Taoyuan Quantity and enzyme activity, and its relationship with soil nutrients. The results showed that the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were not significantly different from those in the control, while those in other rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in the control Potassium and organic matter content all reached the significant level. All the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere ammoniated bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, soil moisture content and pH value, soil urease and phosphatase activity reached significant levels. The content of available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total potassium and organic matter, soil ammonification bacteria and fungi, soil urease and phosphatase activity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of white clover were the highest, which were 99 %, 270%, 267%, 117%, 272%, 158%, 141%, 156% and 64%. Ammonia bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, urease and phosphatase were significantly or very significantly positively correlated with soil available nitrogen, available potassium (excluding actinomycetes and phosphatase), total nitrogen, total potassium and organic matter, respectively. Path analysis showed that urease was the main factor affecting soil available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total potassium and organic matter in three kinds of soil microorganisms and two kinds of enzymes on nutrient content.