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探讨了生物浸出法处理湘江河床多种重金属污染的碱性底泥。底泥中的多种重金属对水生生物与人类有较大的毒性以及显著抑制细菌的浸出,利用自养细菌与异养细菌协作的浸出方法可以解决这个问题。结果表明,底泥中锌、锰、铜和镉的生物浸出率分别达95.2%、94.2%、90.1%和84.4%。利用连续提取法分析了浸出前、后底泥中不同形态重金属的含量变化,发现浸出后底泥中残余重金属主要以铁锰氧化态、有机结合态和残渣态的形式存在,这些存在形态的生物毒性较低。本研究说明自养菌结合异养菌的浸出法可有效提高碱性底泥重金属的浸出率和降低生物毒性。
The biological leaching method was used to treat alkaline sludge contaminated by heavy metals in the Xiang River bed. Many kinds of heavy metals in sediment are more toxic to aquatic organisms and human and significantly inhibit the leaching of bacteria. This problem can be solved by utilizing the leaching method of autotrophic bacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. The results showed that the bioleaching rates of zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium in sediments were 95.2%, 94.2%, 90.1% and 84.4% respectively. The contents of heavy metals in different sediments of the sediment before and after leaching were analyzed by continuous extraction method. It was found that the residual heavy metals in the sediment mainly existed in the form of Fe-Mn oxidation, organic combined and residual forms. The existing biological Toxicity is low. This study shows that autotrophic bacteria combined with heterotrophic leaching method can effectively improve the leaching rate of heavy metals in alkaline sediments and reduce the biological toxicity.