我国目前大力发展水电事业,并要求水电开发与环境保护协调发展。许多江河在水电开发过程中面临着对鱼类如何保护等环境课题,建立过鱼通道是鱼类保护措施之一。自20世纪30年代起,美国陆军工程师团建设并运行哥伦比亚河及斯内克河下游的8座梯级水电站,这些水电站通过各种工程措施维持鱼类洄游通道。近20年来,环保主义者不断要求拆除斯内克河下游的4座大坝,争论波及全美。美国政府最终拒绝拆坝,认为拆坝不是促进鲑鱼洄游所必须的,采取其他工程措施同样能改善鱼类洄游条件。 At present, China vigorously develops its hydropower industry and calls for the coordinated development of hydropower development and environmental protection. Many rivers face environmental issues such as the protection of fish during hydropower development. Establishing over-passage of fish is one of the fish conservation measures. Since the 1930s, the Army Corps of Engineers has built and operated eight cascade hydropower stations on the Columbia River and downstream of the Snake River, which maintain fish migration routes through various engineering measures. For nearly two decades, environmentalists have been urging the dismantling of four dams downstream of the Snake River, with controversy spreading throughout the United States. The U.S. government eventually refused to demolish the dam, arguing that dismantling the dam was not necessary to promote salmonids migration and that other engineering measures could also improve the conditions for fish migration.