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本研究目的是确定春小麦改良高产与高蛋白的选择指标。选用的８个品种中，６个表达为对照水平，２个品种ＵＭ６３２和ＵＭ６８４表达为通常高于对照的水平性状。试验２年中，不同重复的植株从花期至成熟进行取样测定，收集有关Ｎ、干物质积累及重新代谢的资料。籽粒蛋白含量与籽粒产量不相关，但与花后Ｎ吸收（ｒ＝０．６６）、成熟期总植株Ｎ（ｒ＝０．４９）及Ｎ收获指数（ｒ＝０．８７）呈正相关，与成熟期营养器官Ｎ呈负相关（ｒ＝—０．４９）。籽粒产量与花后Ｎ（ｒ＝０．５０）和干物质量（ｒ＝０．７７）以及收获指数（ｒ＝０．８３）呈正相关。籽粒蛋白产量与花后Ｎ积累（ｒ＝０．９０）、成熟期总Ｎ（ｒ＝０．９８）、Ｎ收获指数及经济指数（ｒ＝０．９３）呈高度相关。ＵＭ６３２和ＵＭ６８４将花后Ｎ吸收和成熟期总Ｎ量高与高度代谢效率及Ｎ收获指数结合在一起，故此可以得出结论：遵循构建成熟期总Ｎ量高、Ｎ收获指数及经济指数高的杂交组合，通过群体中选择籽粒蛋白产量可以逐步改良具有高产和高蛋白含量的品种。
The purpose of this study was to determine the selection criteria for improving high yield and high protein of spring wheat. Of the 8 selected cultivars, 6 were expressed as control levels and 2 cultivars, UM632 and UM684, were expressed as traits generally higher than the control. During the experiment two years, different replicates were sampled from florescence to maturity and data on N, dry matter accumulation and re-metabolism were collected. Grain protein content was not related to grain yield, but positively correlated with N uptake (r = 0.66), mature plant N (r = 0.49) and N harvest index (r = 0.87) Nutritional organs at maturity N was negatively correlated (r = -0.49). Grain yield was positively correlated with N (r = 0.50) and dry matter (r = 0.77) and harvest index (r = 0.83) after anthesis. The grain protein yield was highly correlated with N accumulation (r = 0.90), maturity N (r = 0.98), N harvest index and economic index (r = 0.93). UM632 and UM684 combined the high N uptake and maturity N after anthesis with the high metabolic efficiency and N harvest index. Therefore, we can conclude that following the high total N content, N harvest index and economic index during maturity Hybrid combinations, through the selection of grain protein production in the population can be gradually improved with high yield and high protein content of the species.