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为研究依据不同土层的土壤质量含水量进行测墒补灌对小麦(Triticum aestivum)拔节期与开花期旗叶荧光特性和水分利用效率的影响,2011–2012和2012–2013年度两个小麦生长季,设置0–20(D1)、0–40(D2)、0–60(D3)和0–140 cm(D4)4个土层进行处理,测定土壤质量含水量,以各土层平均土壤相对含水量在拔节期为65%和在开花期为70%为目标相对含水量进行补灌,全生育期不灌溉为对照(D0)。结果表明:(1)D2处理拔节至开花期40–100 cm土层和开花至成熟期40–140 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量高于其他处理,开花至成熟期是小麦贮水消耗的最大时期。(2)开花后旗叶水分利用效率、PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII电子传输活性(Fm/Fo)、相对电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)D2处理最高,D3次之,D0最低。(3)两个小麦生长季,各处理的籽粒产量为D2>D3>D1>D4>D0,D2的水分利用效率分别为20.19 kg·hm–2·mm–1和21.92 kg·hm–2·mm–1,高于D0、D3和D4处理,与D1处理间无显著差异。综合分析,小麦拔节期和开花期依据0–40 cm土层的土壤质量含水量进行测墒补灌可兼顾高产和高水分利用效率。
In order to study the effects of soil moisture at different soil layers on the fluorescence characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) of flag leaves at jointing and anthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum), two wheat growing in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 Four soil layers, 0-20 (D1), 0-40 (D2), 0-60 (D3) and 0-140 cm (D4), were set up for soil water content. The average soil The relative water content was 65% at the jointing stage and 70% at the flowering stage as the target relative water content, while the whole growth period was not the control (D0). The results showed that: (1) The soil water consumption of D2 in 40-100 cm soil layer from jointing to anthesis to flowering to 40-140 cm of flowering stage was higher than that of other treatments, and the flowering to maturity was the water consumption of wheat The biggest period. (2) The flag leaf water use efficiency, PSII potential activity (Fv / Fo), PSII electron transport activity (Fm / Fo), relative electron transfer rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) Second, D0 lowest. (3) The water use efficiency of D2 was 20.19 kg · hm-2 · mm-1 and 21.92 kg · hm-2 for the two wheat growing seasons, and the grain yield of each treatment was D2> D3> D1> D4> mm-1, higher than D0, D3 and D4 treatment, no significant difference between D1 treatment. According to the comprehensive analysis, soil moisture at 0-40 cm soil layer at jointing stage and flowering stage can be used to improve soil water content at high yield and water use efficiency.