Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) is a frequent cause of reduced durability of concrete.It is known that one main reason for this type of damage is the increased
The mechanism of external sulfate attack (ESA) involves chemical, physical and mechanical processes.Furthermore, ESA is mostly studied on saturated matured
Alkali-Activated Materials (AAMs) are generally regarded as one of the most effective alternatives to CO2 emission-intensive portland cement.The primary obj
Chloride ingress is one of the major causes of reinforced concrete degradation.Chlorides accelerate the breaking of the protective layer of rebars favoring
Foamed cement is a kind of light and porous material prepared with cementitious material through chemical foaming process.The relation between the pore stru