目的:探讨血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)与肾间质、肾小管损害间的关系。方法:对156例肾病患者行肾穿刺活检、血清TGF-β1检测,参照Katafuchi标准进行肾间质浸润、纤维化评分及肾小管萎缩评分,分析肾间质、肾小管评分与血清TGF-β1关系。结果:(1)肾间质浸润评分≥0.5组血清TGF-β1、肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)显著高于0分组,肾间质浸润评分与血清TGF-β1显著相关,相关系数0.296,P<0.01。(2)肾间质纤维化评分≥0.5组血清TGF-β1、Scr、BUN显著高于0分组,肾间质纤维化评分与血清TGF-β1显著相关,相关系数0.248,P<0.01。(3)经Logistic回归分析,肾间质纤维化评分是影响血清TGF-β1水平的相关因子。结论:血清TGF-β1与肾间质浸润和纤维化相关,是评估肾间质浸润和纤维化的指标。 Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and renal interstitium and renal tubular damage. Methods: The renal biopsy and serum TGF-β1 were detected in 156 patients with nephropathy. The renal interstitial infiltration, fibrosis score and tubular atrophy score were determined according to the Katafuchi standard. The relationship between renal interstitium and tubule score and serum TGF-β1 was analyzed . Results: (1) The serum levels of TGF-β1, creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly higher in interstitial infiltration score≥0.5 group than those in 0 group. The infiltration score of renal interstitium was significantly correlated with serum TGF-β1, the correlation coefficient was 0.296 , P <0.01. (2) The serum levels of TGF-β1, Scr and BUN were significantly higher in patients with renal interstitial fibrosis score≥0.5 than those in 0 group. The score of renal interstitial fibrosis was significantly correlated with serum TGF-β1, the correlation coefficient was 0.248, P <0.01. (3) Logistic regression analysis showed that renal interstitial fibrosis score was the related factor affecting the level of serum TGF-β1. CONCLUSION: Serum TGF-β1 is associated with interstitial infiltration and fibrosis, and is an indicator of renal interstitial infiltration and fibrosis.