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近年来对抗菌药的研究显示，抗菌药对真核细胞功能，尤其是对免疫调节功能有明显影响。提示某些抗菌药在抗感染治疗中一方面直接对病原菌起到选择性抗菌作用，另一方面还可能通过增强免疫功能以产生协同抗菌作用。此外，对某些免疫性疾病的良好治疗效果也提示抗菌药对免疫功能具有调节作用。 本文根据国外的大量该方面研究，就抗菌药对感染的免疫调节作用（包括体外、半体内、体内试验结果）、作用机制、以及对免疫系统疾病的免疫调节作用做一综述。并提示在应用抗菌药时，不应仅限于考虑抗菌药对某一特定细菌的体外敏感性、抗菌强度，还应考虑抗菌药的体内药效与免疫凋节作用的关系。同时提示抗菌药的应用有可能发展到免疫系统疾病的治疗。
In recent years, the research on antibacterials has shown that antibacterials have a significant effect on eukaryotic cell functions, especially on immunomodulatory functions. Prompted some antimicrobial drugs in the anti-infective treatment on the one hand directly to the pathogenic bacteria play a selective antibacterial effect, on the other hand may also enhance the immune function to produce a synergistic antibacterial effect. In addition, good therapeutic effect on certain immune diseases also suggests that antimicrobial agents have a regulatory effect on immune function. In this paper, based on a large number of foreign studies in this area, the immunomodulatory effects of antimicrobial agents on infections (including in vitro, in vivo and in vivo test results), mechanism of action, and immunomodulatory effects on immune system diseases are reviewed. And suggest that the application of antimicrobial agents, should not be limited to taking into account the sensitivity of an antibacterial agent to a particular bacteria in vitro, antibacterial strength, antibacterial drugs should also be considered in vivo efficacy and the relationship between the role of immune withered. At the same time suggest that the application of antimicrobial agents may develop to the treatment of immune system diseases.