论文部分内容阅读
根据1960~2010年实测水文资料和水土保持治理实地调查资料,以1989年作为流域治理前后的分界年,对黄河内蒙古段西柳沟流域水沙变化对下垫面治理的响应进行了归因分析。首次提出“降雨产流产沙力”的概念,发现流域产流产沙量与降雨产流产沙力关系最为密切。通过构建基准期降雨产流产沙力经验模型,进行流域水沙变化“水文法”分析;采用“指标法”计算了流域梯田、林地、草地、坝地和封禁治理等水土保持措施的减水减沙量。计算结果表明:1)西柳沟流域1990~2010年因水土保持综合治理等人类活动年均减水303万m3,因降雨影响年均减水369万m3,人类活动与降雨影响权重之比为45%:55%。1990~2010年因水土保持综合治理等人类活动年均减沙121万t,因降雨影响年均减沙209万t,人类活动与降雨影响权重之比为37%:63%。2)截至2012年西柳沟流域水土保持措施年均减水337.3万m3,年均减沙106.6万t;在各项措施中林地的减水减沙贡献率均为最大,分别达到73.2%和66.2%。3)西柳沟流域水土保持综合治理应以工程措施为主,突出生态建设,实施分区治理。坝系建设应该是今后治理的重中之重。
According to the measured hydrological data from 1960 to 2010 and the field investigation data of soil and water conservation management, this paper makes an analysis of the attribution of water and sediment changes to the underlying surface treatment in Xiliugou watershed in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River in 1989 as the demarcation year. The concept of “Runoff and Sediment Yield” was first proposed and found that the relationship between runoff and sediment yield and rainfall runoff and sediment yield was the most closely related. Through the establishment of the empirical model of runoff and runoff in the reference period, the paper analyzes the runoff and sediment change in the basin and the “hydrological method”, and calculates the water and soil conservation measures such as terrace, forest land, grassland, Of water and sediment reduction. The results show that: (1) The annual average water-reducing of man-made activities in Xiluogou Basin from 1990 to 2010 is 3.03 million m3, and the average annual water-reducing amount is 3.69 million m3 due to rainfall. The weight ratio of human activities to precipitation is 45 %: 55%. From 1990 to 2010, the average annual sediment transport decreased by 1.21 million tons due to comprehensive activities such as soil and water conservation. The average annual sediment transport was 2.09 million tons due to rainfall, and the ratio of human activities to rainfall impacts was 37%: 63%. 2) As of 2012, the average annual water-saving of soil and water conservation measures in Xiliugou watershed is 3,373,000 m3, and the annual average sediment reduction is 1,066,000 tons. The contribution rates of woodland to water and sediment reduction are the highest at 73.2% and 66.2% respectively %. 3) The comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in Xiliu Gulch should be dominated by engineering measures, highlighting ecological construction and implementing zoning control. Dam system construction should be the top priority of governance.