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生态伦理观,是指一种有关人与自然相处中、能够处理社会与自然关系的“整体文化观”。在宋代士大夫中,已有对生态伦理观的许多探索或设想。在他们对自然界的认识中,“天人合一”的宇宙哲学观、“中庸”的处世道德观等,也是处理人与自然关系的哲学基础和道德原则。宋人的生态伦理观认为,人是天地间自然万物的一部分,关心自然就是关心人类自身,人类应该像爱护自身一样爱护自然万物;应承认自然界有自己的存在价值和生存权利,承认天地万物对维持其存在所必需的生存条件所拥有的权利;承认自然界的生物享有与人类相似的权利和价值。宋人有关生态伦理的理性思考,还注意到理论与实践的结合。宋人的生态伦理观还告诉我们,要想利用和改造自然,人类必须遵循自然变化的客观规律这个前提,否则,就会遭到自然界的报复或惩罚。我们应该通过充分发挥社会伦理道德意识在保护生态环境方面的舆论和教育作用,培养人们对处理人与自然关系的道德义务的新观念,规范人与自然关系的生态伦理行为,使生态系统向着更有利于人类生存和社会发展的方向进化,达到人与自然的和谐与整合这个人道主义的最高理想。
Ecological ethics refers to a “holistic view of culture” that deals with the relationship between man and nature in the relations between society and nature. Among the literati in the Song Dynasty, there have been many explorations or ideas on ecological ethics. In their understanding of nature, the “cosmic philosophy of harmony between man and nature” and the ethical outlook on morality of “moderate” are also the philosophical foundations and moral principles for dealing with the relationship between man and nature. Song’s ecological ethics holds that man is part of the natural world between heaven and earth. Caring for nature means caring for mankind itself. Mankind should cherish nature as much as we love ourselves. We should recognize that nature has its own existence value and right of existence, The right to subsistence, which is necessary for its existence, is preserved; it is recognized that the creatures of nature enjoy similar rights and values as human beings. Song people’s rational thinking about ecological ethics, but also noticed the combination of theory and practice. The Song people’s ecological ethics also tell us that in order to utilize and transform nature, mankind must follow the premise of the objective law of natural change, otherwise, it will be retaliated or punished by nature. We should cultivate people’s new concept of ethical obligation to deal with the relationship between man and nature by standardizing public opinion and education in protecting the ecological environment, standardize the ecological ethical behavior of the relationship between man and nature, and make the ecosystem more Is conducive to the evolution of human survival and social development, and achieves the humanitarian ideal of harmony and integration between man and nature.