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本文简析了20世纪前后天津进出口贸易的数据,认为直接进出口贸易的增加是20世纪后天津对外贸易的主要变化;又从进出口商品的结构、贸易总值、轮船数量和对日贸易等方面论证了国际市场对进出口贸易增加的影响;还分析了海河工程局的海河裁湾取直和入海口疏浚工程,认为这是导致天津直接进出口贸易迅速增加的原因,并通过简述铁路开通对腹地经济发展的作用,论证广义上的政府行为也是对外贸易发展的推力。文章认为,20世纪后天津对外贸易的迅速增加,国内外市场的供求是在较长时段内的持续的推力,而政府主导的海河通航和铁路开通则在较短时段内发挥了相当的作用,尤其是直接进出口贸易的发展。因此,在近代中国经济发展中,不可忽视包括各级和不同政府在内的广义上政府行为的因素。
This article analyzes the data of Tianjin’s import and export trade before and after the 20th century. It considers that the increase of direct import and export trade is the major change of Tianjin’s foreign trade after the 20th century. From the structure of the imported and exported goods, the total trade value, the number of ships and the trade with Japan, And other aspects of the demonstration of the international market on the impact of increased import and export trade; also analyzed the Haihe River Engineering Bureau of Haihe Bay and straight into the mouth dredging project, that this is the direct import and export trade in Tianjin led to the rapid increase, and by brief The function of railway opening up to the hinterland economic development demonstrates that the government action in broad sense is also the thrust of the development of foreign trade. The article holds that after the 20th century, the rapid increase of foreign trade in Tianjin, the supply and demand in the domestic and foreign markets are the sustained thrust for a long period of time, while the government-led navigable navigation and the railway in Haihe River have played a considerable role in a relatively short period of time, In particular, the development of direct import and export trade. Therefore, in the economic development of modern China, we can not neglect the factors of government behavior in a broad sense including all levels and different governments.