成年哺乳动物CNS损伤后不能再生的主要原因是抑制性微环境的存在和其内在的生长能力低下[1]。过去10多年的研究主要聚焦在抑制性微环境,可是当用遗传学方法或药理学方法阻断环境中的抑制信号,仅观察到有限的轴突再生。而且,大多数成年哺乳动物CNS神经元即使在提供允许生长的底物上也不能再生其轴突[1]。这些研究表明,神经元 The main reason why adult mammals fail to regenerate after CNS injury is the presence of an inhibitory microenvironment and their inherent impaired ability [1]. Research over the past decade or so has focused primarily on the inhibitory microenvironment, but only limited inhibition of axonal regeneration was observed when the inhibitory signals in the environment were blocked genetically or pharmacologically. Moreover, most adult mammalian CNS neurons are unable to regenerate their axons even on substrates that are allowed to grow [1]. These studies show that neurons