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目的探讨主成分分析在农村环境卫生质量综合评价中的应用,为各级政府、有关部门制定改善农村环境卫生的对策提供科学依据。方法于2011年7~8月通过分层随机抽样选取福建省19个县1 900户家庭,用全国统一的调查表收集资料并用主成分分析法对资料进行综合评价。结果提取的3个主成分累计方差贡献率达到了87.14%,包含了农村环境卫生11项评价指标的全部信息。3个主成分依次反映了农村户厕、病媒生物、集中式供水的卫生状况。从主成分综合得分的排序情况来看闽南沿海经济发达地区环境卫生质量优于闽北经济欠发达地区,区域经济发展不平衡是制约我省农村环境卫生发展的主要原因。结论理论和实践表明主成分分析法是客观地综合评价农村环境卫生质量的一种简便、易行的方法。
Objective To explore the application of principal component analysis in the comprehensive evaluation of rural environmental health quality and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of measures to improve rural environmental hygiene at all levels of government and relevant departments. METHODS: From July to August 2011, 1,900 households in 19 counties of Fujian Province were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a nationwide questionnaire and the data were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The cumulative variance of the three principal components extracted from the results reached 87.14%, which contained all the information about 11 indicators of rural environmental sanitation. The three principal components, in turn, reflect the sanitary status of rural residents, vector, and centralized water supply. According to the rank order of the comprehensive score of the main components, the quality of environmental sanitation in economically developed coastal areas in southern Fujian is superior to that in underdeveloped areas in northern Fujian Province. The unbalanced regional economic development is the main reason that restricts the development of rural environmental sanitation in our province. Conclusion The theory and practice show that the principal component analysis is a simple and easy way to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the quality of rural environmental sanitation.