传统大型压力容器封头模具在冲压成形过程中易出现磨损失效,降低了封头产品质量和模具使用寿命,严重影响生产效率。利用ABAQUS软件建立了与大型压力容器封头实际冲压成形模具一致的有限元模型,通过进行有限元模拟分析及相关冲压成形实验,对封头模具易磨损的主要因素进行对比分析,并对传统大型压力容器封头模具的材料硬度值、摩擦系数、凸模和凹模间隙进行合理改进。结果表明,选择模具材料硬度值在75~85 HRC之间、摩擦系数在0.06~0.12之间、凸模和凹模间隙在1.1~1.3 mm之间时的模具磨损量最小。 The traditional large-scale pressure vessel head die in the stamping process prone to wear and tear failure, reducing head product quality and die life, seriously affecting the production efficiency. The ABAQUS software is used to establish a finite element model which is consistent with the actual stamping die of large pressure vessel head. Through the finite element analysis and related stamping forming experiments, the main factors of the die wear are analyzed and compared. Pressure vessel head mold material hardness, friction coefficient, punch and die gap to make reasonable improvements. The results show that the selected mold material hardness is between 75 and 85 HRC, the friction coefficient is between 0.06 and 0.12, and the die wear amount is the smallest when the clearance between the punch and the die is between 1.1 and 1.3 mm.